Radiator apparatus

ABSTRACT

A radiator apparatus for concentrating or dispersing energy. In one embodiment, the radiator includes a thermal conductive layer, a radiation layer, and a thermal insulation layer. The radiation layer is powered by an energy source and includes at least one radiation element embedded in at least a portion of the thermal conductive layer. The thermal insulation layer faces the thermal conductive layer. In another embodiment, the radiator includes a generally helical dome-shaped radiation member powered by an energy source and a generally dome-shaped reflection member including a reflective surface facing the radiation member. In yet another embodiment, the radiator includes a radiation member powered by an energy source and a reflection member having an at least partially ring-shaped concave reflective surface facing the radiation member for distributing energy to an at least partially hat-shaped or ring-shaped area or zone.

This application is a Divisional of co-pending U.S. application Ser. No.12/634,642 filed on Dec. 9, 2009, which is a Divisional of co-pendingU.S. application Ser. No. 10/568,780 filed on Feb. 7, 2007, which is aNational Phase of PCT International Application No. PCT/CN2004/000098filed on Feb. 5, 2004, which designated the United States, and on whichpriority is claimed under 35 U.S.C. §120, the entire contents of whichare hereby incorporated by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This present invention relates to a radiator apparatus. In particular,the present invention relates to a radiator apparatus for concentratingor dispersing energy.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The Stefan-Boltzman Law states the total radiation emission for any bodyat a given temperature as: R=ECT⁴. E is the emissivity of the body,which is the ratio of the total emission of radiation of such body at agiven temperature to that of a perfect blackbody at the sametemperature. For a blackbody, which is a theoretical thermal radiatingobject that is a perfect absorber of incident radiation and perfectemitter of maximum radiation at a given temperature, E=1; for atheoretical perfect reflector, E=0; and for all other bodies 0<E<1. C isthe Stefan-Boltzman constant with a value of approximately 5.67∴10⁻⁸W/m²-K⁴. T is the absolute temperature of the body in degrees Kelvin.

Every object that has a temperature above absolute zero (that is, −273°Celsius) emits electromagnetic radiation. According to Planck'sEquation, the radiation emitted by an object is a function of thetemperature and emissivity of the object, and the wavelength of theradiation. Irradiation from an object increases with increasingtemperature above absolute zero, and quantum energy of an individualphoton is inversely proportional to the wavelength of the photon. TheTotal Power Law states that when radiation is incident on a body, thesum of the radiation absorbed, reflected and transmitted is equal tounity.

Infrared heating is more efficient than conventional heating byconduction and convection in that infrared irradiation can be used inlocalized heating by directing heat and irradiation towards only theselected space. Infrared irradiation does not heat the air in theselected space, and only heats the objects within that space. In fact,radiation can be transmitted in or through a vacuum without the need ofa medium for heat transfer, unlike conventional heating by conductionand/or convection.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed to a radiator. In one embodiment, theradiator includes a thermal conductive layer, a radiation layer, and athermal insulation layer. The radiation layer is powered by an energysource and includes at least one radiation element embedded in at leasta portion of the thermal conductive layer. The thermal insulation layerfaces the thermal conductive layer. The thermal conductive layer mayinclude a metal oxide material. The radiation layer is generallypositioned between the thermal insulation layer and the thermalconductive layer. The thermal conductive layer may include a partiallyspherical or semispherical shape defining a center point or focal zone,while the radiation layer may also include a partially spherical orsemispherical shape defining a center point or focal zone. The focalzone of the thermal conductive layer generally coincides with the focalzone of the radiation layer.

A light bulb base may be coupled to the thermal insulation layer of theradiator. The base includes positive and negative contactorselectrically connected to the radiation layer of the radiator. The baseis adapted to be received in an electrical lamp socket.

In one aspect of this embodiment, the thermal insulation layer mayinclude a concave side facing a convex side of the thermal conductivelayer, so that the radiation element of the radiation layer increasestemperature of the thermal conductive layer and concentrates energy tothe focal zone of the radiation layer. A plurality of optical fibershaving a first end may be positioned at the focal zone of the radiationlayer for receiving the energy, so that the optical fibers transmit theenergy received at the first end to a second end of the optical fibers.

In another aspect of this embodiment, the thermal insulation layer mayinclude a convex side facing a concave side of the thermal conductivelayer, so that the radiation element of the radiation layer increasestemperature of the thermal conductive layer and disperses energy awayfrom the focal zone of the radiation layer.

In another embodiment, the radiator includes a generally helicaldome-shaped radiation member and a generally dome-shaped reflectionmember including a reflective surface facing the radiation member. Thehelical dome-shaped radiation member is powered by an energy source. Thehelical dome-shaped radiation member may include an electrical coilresistance covered by a thermal conductive material. The generallyhelical dome-shaped radiation member defines a center point or focalzone, while the generally dome-shaped reflection member also defines acenter point or focal zone. The focal zone of the radiation membergenerally coincides with the focal zone of the reflection member.

In one aspect of this embodiment, the reflective surface of thereflection member may include a generally concave shape. The concavereflective surface of the reflection member may face a convex side ofthe radiation member, so that the radiation member concentrates energyto the focal zone of the radiation member.

In another aspect of this embodiment, the reflective surface of thereflection member may include a generally convex shape. The convexreflective surface of the reflection member may face a concave side ofthe radiation member, so that the radiation member disperses energy awayfrom the focal zone of the radiation member.

In another embodiment, the radiator used with an astronomic apparatus inOuter Space includes a partially spherical or semispherical structuremember defining a center point or focal zone and a radiation layer powerby an energy source. The radiation layer is connected to the partiallyspherical or semispherical structure member. The radiation layerconcentrates energy to the focal zone to achieve a temperaturedifferential of the focal zone and an environment of the focal zone andprovides a force to the astronomic apparatus and/or an object.

In one aspect of this embodiment, the partially spherical orsemispherical structure includes thermal conductive layer and a thermalinsulation layer. The thermal insulation layer includes a concave sidefacing a convex side of the thermal conductive layer. The radiationlayer includes at least one radiation element embedded in at least aportion of the thermal conductive layer.

In another aspect of this embodiment, the radiation layer includes aplurality of infrared radiation emitting devices positioned on theconcave side of the partially spherical or semispherical structuremember.

In another embodiment, the radiator includes a radiation member poweredby an energy source and a reflection member including an at leastpartially hat-shaped or ring-shaped concave reflective surface facingthe radiation member for distributing energy to an at least partiallyring-shaped area or zone. The radiation member may include an at leastpartial ring shape and is generally positioned at a center point orfocal zone of the reflective surface. The radiation member includes anelectrical coil resistance covered by a thermal conductive material.

This invention has an enormously wide scope of objects, applications andusers (thus its commercial and industrial value being great) including,but without limitation, focusing, concentrating and directing radiationto or at:

(a) selected area or zone of radiation absorbent surface, object,substance and/or matter on satellite or other astronomic equipmentand/or apparatuses in space to achieve an increase in the temperature ofsuch selected area or zone of absorbent surface, object, substanceand/or matter relative to its environment or to achieve a temperaturedifferential of said selected area or zone and its environment andproviding thrust, torque and propulsion forces in relation to (amongstother things) matters of attitude of satellite or other astronomicequipment and/or apparatuses in space relative to the Sun or otherextra-terrestrial body or bodies; and

(b) selected radiation absorbent surface, object, substances and/ormatter (including, but without limitation, food and other materials) tobe manufactured, assembled, installed, erected, constructed, located,repaired, maintained, enjoyed, occupied, consumed, used, or handled(whether indoors or outdoors) by any person, object or thing (including,but without limitation, computerized robotics and cybernetics) in coldweather on Earth, in space or on any other extra-terrestrial or heavenlybodies; and

(c) bodies or body tissues (living or dead) or other objects or subjectsof scientific research or medical operations and treatments; and foodstuffs in cooking and culinary preparations; and

(d) objects, substances and/or matters (including, but withoutlimitation, food and other materials) that require an increase in itstemperature relative to its environment through focused, concentrated ordirected or re-directed radiation.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A is a perspective view of a radiator in accordance with thepresent invention.

FIG. 1B is a perspective view of a portion of the radiator of FIG. 1Ashowing three different layers where a portion of the thermal conductivelayer and a portion of the thermal insulation layer are removed forviewing purpose.

FIG. 1C is a side cross-sectional view of the radiator of FIG. 1A.

FIG. 2A is a perspective view of a radiator in accordance with thepresent invention.

FIG. 2B is a perspective view of a portion of the radiator of FIG. 2Ashowing three different layers where a portion of the thermal conductivelayer and a portion of the thermal insulation layer are removed forviewing purpose.

FIG. 2C is a side cross-sectional view of the radiator of FIG. 2A.

FIG. 3 is a side cross-sectional view of the radiator of FIG. 1A with afiber optic apparatus and a lens optic apparatus.

FIG. 4A is side view of a radiator in accordance with the presentinvention where a portion of the reflection member is removed forviewing purpose.

FIG. 4B is a perspective view and a side cross-sectional view of aradiation member of the radiator of FIG. 4A.

FIG. 4C is a side cross-sectional view of the radiator of FIG. 4A.

FIG. 5A is side view of a radiator in accordance with the presentinvention.

FIG. 5B is a side cross-sectional view of the radiator of FIG. 5A.

FIG. 6 is a side cross-sectional view of a radiator in accordance withthe present invention.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of an astronomic apparatus having aradiator of the present invention.

FIG. 8A is a perspective view of a radiator in accordance with thepresent invention.

FIGS. 8B, 8C and 8D are side cross-sectional views of the radiator ofFIG. 8A.

FIG. 9A is a perspective view of the radiator of FIG. 1A with a lightbulb base.

FIG. 9B is a side cross-sectional view of the radiator and the lightbulb base of FIG. 9A.

FIG. 10A is a perspective view of the radiator of FIG. 2A with a lightbulb base.

FIG. 10B is a side cross-sectional view of the radiator and the lightbulb base of FIG. 9A.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(A) One embodiment of such a device is shown in FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B inwhich radiation source 10 is positioned on the convex surface of asegment of a hollow partial spherical or semispherical body(collectively, “Spherical Segment” or “Spherical Member”) 12. Theradiation source 10 is constructed with electrical coil resistance orother heating elements 11 embedded in and surrounded by electricityinsulation and thermal conductive materials 25 (including, but withoutlimitation, electro fused magnesium oxide) on the one side facing theconvex surface of spherical segment 12 and thermal insulation materials26 on the other side. Radiation source 10 may comprise of any device orapparatus capable of increasing the surface temperature of the sphericalsegment 12 to the suitable levels and infrared radiation is emitted fromthe concave side of the spherical segment 12 and is focused orconcentrated at or towards the center point or focal zone 15 of thespherical segment 12 as shown in FIG. 1C. Examples of such radiationsource 10 include, wire heating elements, heating cartridges, quartzencased wire heaters and devices alike. The intensity of the radiationat the center point or focal zone 15 of the spherical segment 12 willdepend on the amount or level of infrared radiation that can be or arerequired to be emitted from the elements or materials on, or comprisingor forming (structurally or superficially) the concave surface of thespherical segment 12 and on the distance between the concave surface ofthe spherical segment 12 and the object upon which the infraredradiation is to be focused or concentrated. Such elements or materialscan be selected from a group consisting of stainless steel, low carbonsteel, aluminum, aluminum alloys, aluminum-iron alloys, chromium,molybdenum, manganese, nickel, niobium, silicon, titanium, zirconium,rare-earth minerals or elements (including, without limitation, cerium,lanthanum, neodymium and yttrium), and ceramics, nickel-iron alloys,nickel-iron-chromium alloys, nickel-chromium alloys,nickel-chromium-aluminum alloys, and other alloys alike and oxides,sesquioxides, carbides and nitrides whereof, certain carbonaceousmaterials and other infrared radiating materials. In one aspects of theinvention, this embodiment is theoretically equivalent to numerousinfinitesimal sources of infrared radiation evenly spaced over theconcave surface of the spherical segment 12 and each pointing, emitting,focusing or concentrating infrared radiation at or towards the centerpoint or focal zone 15 of the spherical segment 12.

(B) One embodiment of such a device is shown in FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B inwhich radiation source 10 is positioned on the concave surface of thespherical segment or spherical member 12. The radiation source 10 isconstructed with electrical coil resistance or other heating elements 11embedded in and surrounded by electricity insulation and thermalconductive materials 25 (including, but without limitation, electrofused magnesium oxide) on the one side facing the concave surface ofspherical segment 12 and thermal insulation materials 26 on the otherside. The radiation source 10 may comprise of any device or apparatuscapable of increasing the surface temperature of the spherical segment12 to the suitable levels and infrared radiation is emitted from theconvex side of the spherical segment 12 and is distributed or dispersedaway from the center point or focal zone 15 of the spherical segment 12as shown in FIG. 2C. Examples of such radiation source 10 include, wireheating elements, heating cartridges, quartz encased wire heaters anddevices alike. The intensity of the radiation at the center point orfocal zone 15 of the spherical segment 12 will depend on the amount orlevel of infrared radiation that can be or are required to be emittedfrom the elements or materials on, or comprising or forming(structurally or superficially) the convex surface of the sphericalsegment 12 and on the distance between the convex surface of thespherical segment 12 and the object upon which the infrared radiation isto be focused or concentrated. Examples of such elements or materialsinclude stainless steel, ceramic, nickel-iron-chromium alloys and otheralloys alike and oxides, sesquioxides, carbides and nitrides whereof,certain carbonaceous materials and other infrared radiating materials.In one aspects of the invention, this embodiment is theoreticallyequivalent to numerous infinitesimal sources of infrared radiationevenly spaced over the convex surface of the spherical segment 12 andeach pointing, emitting and distributing or dispersing infraredradiation away from the center point or focal zone 15 of the sphericalsegment 12.

(C) One embodiment of such a device is shown in FIG. 3 in whichradiation source 10 is positioned on the convex surface of the sphericalsegment 12. The radiation source 10 is constructed with electrical coilresistance or other heating elements 11 embedded in and surrounded byelectricity insulation and thermal conductive materials 25 (including,but without limitation, electro fused magnesium oxide) on the one sidefacing the convex surface of spherical segment 12 and thermal insulationmaterials 26 on the other side. In such device, an end of fiber opticbundle 32 or apparatus (collectively, “fiber optic apparatus”) 30 oroptical lens (including, but without limitation, a prism), mirrors,reflective surfaces or a hybrid, permutation or combination whereof(collectively, “lens optic apparatus”) 35 is placed or positioned at thecenter point or focal zone 15 of the spherical segment 12 at which endof the relevant apparatus the infrared radiation is focused orconcentrated and from which end of the relevant apparatus the infraredradiation is transmitted through the fiber optic apparatus 30 or lensoptic apparatus 35 or a hybrid, permutation or combination whereof.Examples of such apparatuses include medical equipment or apparatuseswhereby infrared radiation is focused or concentrated at or towards, ordirected to, the places where such infrared radiation is need foroperations or treatments, drying, warming, heating, sanitizing and/orsterilizing of equipment, apparatuses, bodies or body tissues (living ordead) or materials, and for and in connection with eradication,reduction or control of diseases, bacterial or virus infections orepidemics, or other syndromes or conditions. Industrial or commercialapplications for infrared radiation apparatuses include (withoutlimitation) drying, thermoforming, warming, heating (including, withoutlimitation, therapeutic, relaxation and comfort heating), laminating,welding, curing, fixing, manufacturing, tempering, cutting, shrinking,coating, sealing, sanitizing, sterilizing, embossing, evaporating,setting, incubating, baking, browning, food warming, and/or actions ofnature on and/or in respect of objects, surfaces, products, substancesand matters.

(D) In another embodiment, mobile, portable or handheld infraredtorches, optic fibers, guides, leaders or apparatuses of similar nature,or hybrids, permutations or combinations whereof, can be utilized,exploited or implemented by which infrared radiation is focused orconcentrated at or towards, or directed to, the selected areas, zones,bodies or body tissues (living or dead), objects, substances or matters(including, but without limitation, food and other materials) desired tobe heated or irradiated, or to or by which energy by or from an externalradiation source 10 is intended to be irradiated, transferred orabsorbed.

(E) One embodiment of such a device is shown in FIG. 4A in which theradiation source 10 is in the form of a helical dome-shaped structure(having a generally circular, triangular, rectangular, polygonal orelliptical base and a generally semispherical or quasi-semisphericalshape) 18. The radiation source 10 is constructed with electrical coilresistance or other heating elements embedded in and surrounded byelectricity insulation and thermal conductive materials 25 (including,but without limitation, electro fused magnesium oxide) in tubular casing16 as shown in FIG. 4B (comprises one or more materials or mattersselected from a group consisting of stainless steel, low carbon steel,aluminum, aluminum alloys, aluminum-iron alloys, chromium, molybdenum,manganese, nickel, niobium, silicon, titanium, zirconium, rare-earthminerals or elements (including, without limitation, cerium, lanthanum,neodymium and yttrium), and ceramics, nickel-iron alloys,nickel-iron-chromium alloys, nickel-chromium alloys,nickel-chromium-aluminum alloys, and other alloys alike and oxides,sesquioxides, carbides and nitrides whereof, or a mixture alloys oroxides, sesquioxides, carbides, hydrates or nitrates whereof, certaincarbonaceous materials and other infrared radiating materials) bent intoa helical dome-shaped structure (having a generally circular,triangular, rectangular, polygonal or elliptical base and a generallysemispherical or quasi-semispherical shape) 18 with the outer surface ofthe helical dome-shaped structure 18 confirming to a spherical segment.The radial cross-section of the tubular casing 16 as shown in FIG. 4Bmay take generally circular, triangular, rectangular, polygonal orelliptical shapes, or hybrids and/or combinations whereof in light ofthe shape of the helical dome-shaped structure with a view to maximizingthe effect of the irradiation for the selected purposes. The helicaldome-shaped structure 18 radiation source 10 is encased in or positionedinside a larger semispherical concave reflective surface 20 as shown inFIG. 4C to the intent that both the helical dome-shaped structure 18radiation source 10 and the larger semispherical concave reflectivesurface 20 have the same center point or focal zone 15 so that theinfrared radiation from the helical dome-shaped structure 18 radiationsource 10 can be reflected and focused or concentrated at the samecenter point or focal zone 15 over a smaller area or zone.

(F) One embodiment of such a device is shown in FIG. 5A in which theradiation source 10 is in the form of a helical dome-shaped structure(having a generally circular, triangular, rectangular, polygonal orelliptical base and a generally semispherical or quasi-semisphericalshape) 18. The radiation source 10 is constructed with electrical coilresistance or other heating elements 11 embedded in and surrounded byelectricity insulation and thermal conductive materials 25 (including,but without limitation, electro fused magnesium oxide) in tubular casing16 as shown in FIG. 4B (comprises one or more materials or mattersselected from a group consisting of stainless steel, low carbon steel,aluminum, aluminum alloys, aluminum-iron alloys, chromium, molybdenum,manganese, nickel, niobium, silicon, titanium, zirconium, rare-earthminerals or elements (including, without limitation, cerium, lanthanum,neodymium and yttrium), and ceramics, nickel-iron alloys,nickel-iron-chromium alloys, nickel-chromium alloys,nickel-chromium-aluminum alloys, and other alloys alike and oxides,sesquioxides, carbides and nitrides whereof, or a mixture alloys oroxides, sesquioxides, carbides, hydrates or nitrates whereof, certaincarbonaceous materials and other infrared radiating materials) bent intoa helical dome-shaped structure (having a generally circular,triangular, rectangular, polygonal or elliptical base and a generallysemispherical or quasi-semispherical shape) 18 with the inner surface ofthe helical dome-shaped structure 18 confirming to a spherical segment12. The radial cross-section of the tubular casing 16 as shown in FIG.4B may take generally circular, triangular, rectangular, polygonal orelliptical shapes, or hybrids and/or combinations whereof in light ofthe shape of the helical dome-shaped structure with a view to maximizingthe effect of the irradiation for the selected purposes. The helicaldome-shaped structure 18 radiation source 10 encases or is positionedover a smaller semispherical convex reflective surface 22 as shown inFIG. 5B to the intent that both the helical dome-shaped structure 18radiation source 10 and the smaller semispherical convex reflectivesurface 22 have the same center point or focal zone 15 so that theinfrared radiation from the helical dome-shaped structure 18 radiationsource 10 can be reflected and distributed or dispersed away from thesame center point or focal zone 15 over a larger area or zone.

(G) One embodiment of such a device is shown in FIG. 6 in which a largerstructure 40 (which may be constructed with or by way engineering and/orother forms, trusses, brackets, structures and frameworks oflight-weight metals, alloys, or other materials, substances or matters)in the shape of a spherical segment 12 is placed in the outer or deepspace, whether within or beyond the atmosphere of the Earth, (generallyand without limitation, referred to as the “Outer Space”). Numerousindividual infrared emitting devices 42 (which may be powered by,amongst others, nuclear power or solar power energized electrical cells,batteries or other storage devices and apparatuses for electricity orforms of energy) are placed on the spherical segment 12 so that each ofsuch devises is placed, positioned and secured in such a manner and formon the concave surface of the said spherical segment 12 structure 40 asto emit, point, direct, concentrate and focus the infrared radiationemitted from such infrared emitting devices 42 towards the center pointor focal zone 15 of the spherical segment 12 on objects, bodies,substances and matters (including, but without limitation, meteorites,extra-terrestrial objects, bodies, substances and matters) placed,positioned, found or located at or near the center point or focal zone15 or in the path of the concentrated infrared radiation. Thisdisclosure can provide radiation or heat to and increase the temperatureof any such object, body, substance and matter in the Outer Space soplaced, positioned, found or located at or near the center point orfocal zone 15 or in the path of the concentrated infrared radiation, andcan also achieve an increase in the temperature of such object, body,substance and matter relative to its environment, or achieve atemperature differential of such object, body, substance and matter andits environment and provide thrust, torque and propulsion forces to suchobject, body, substance and matter for and incidental to (withoutlimitation) alteration, modification, configuration, rotation,orientation, deflection, destruction and disintegration of such object,body, substance and matter, or initiation, alteration, modification ordetermination of its trend, speed, motion, movement, trajectory and/orflight path in the Outer Space. In another aspect or object, thisinvention includes a device in which certain infrared emitting diodes orother devices 42 are generally placed, positioned and secured on theconcave surface of the spherical segment 12 and each pointing, emittingand concentrating infrared radiation towards the center point or focalzone 15 of the spherical segment 12 at which any body, object, substanceor matter (including, but without limitation, human or other biologicaltissues which require treatments and/or operations for medicalconditions known by those skilled in the art in, for example,alleviation or reduction of pain, discomfort and/or inflammation,improving metabolism and circulation of body fluids, refractory orpost-amputation wounds treatments, and other medical or scientificoperations, researches or studies, and food and other materials) may beplaced.

(H) One embodiment of such a device is shown in FIG. 7 in whichradiation sources 10 positioned on the convex surface of the sphericalsegment 12 are assembled, installed, erected, constructed, located orplaced on satellites or other astronomic equipment and/or apparatuses 50in Outer Space as shown in FIG. 7 for focusing, concentrating ordirecting radiation to or at a selected area or zone of absorbentsurface to achieve an increase in the temperature of such a selectedarea or zone of absorbent surface relative to its environment or toachieve a temperature differential of said selected area or zone and itsenvironment and provide thrust, torque and propulsion forces for andincidental to (amongst other things) matters of attitude of suchsatellites or other astronomic equipment and/or apparatuses 50 in OuterSpace relative to the Sun or other extra-terrestrial body or bodies, orfor focusing, concentrating or directing radiation to or at any object,body, substance and matter (including, but without limitation,meteorites, extra-terrestrial objects, bodies, substances and matters)for and incidental to (without limitation) alteration, modification,configuration, rotation, orientation, deflection, destruction anddisintegration of such object, body, substance and matter, orinitiation, alteration, modification or determination of its trend,speed, motion, movement, trajectory and/or flight path in the OuterSpace.

(I) One embodiment of such a device is shown in FIG. 8A and FIG. 8B inwhich a radiation source 10 constructed with electrical coil resistanceor other heating elements 11 embedded in and surrounded by electricityinsulation and thermal conductive materials 25 (including, but withoutlimitation, electro fused magnesium oxide) in tubular casing 16 as shownin FIG. 4B (comprises one or more materials or matters selected from agroup consisting of stainless steel, low carbon steel, aluminum,aluminum alloys, aluminum-iron alloys, chromium, molybdenum, manganese,nickel, niobium, silicon, titanium, zirconium, rare-earth minerals orelements (including, without limitation, cerium, lanthanum, neodymiumand yttrium), and ceramics, nickel-iron alloys, nickel-iron-chromiumalloys, nickel-chromium alloys, nickel-chromium-aluminum alloys, andother alloys alike and oxides, sesquioxides, carbides and nitrideswhereof, or a mixture alloys or oxides, sesquioxides, carbides, hydratesor nitrates whereof, certain carbonaceous materials and other infraredradiating materials) is placed before a generally circular hat-shaped orring-shaped reflective element 23 constructed of good reflectivematerials, including, but without limitation, gold (emissivity=0.02),polished aluminum (emissivity=0.05), oxidized aluminum(emissivity=0.15), in the form as shown in FIG. 8A, the end(s) orterminal(s) of the radiation source 10 being turned towards and passingthrough aperture(s) on the concave reflective surface 20 and stowed andsecured at appropriate location(s) within the recess(es) behind theconcave reflective surface 20 (with desirable and appropriate safetyfeatures known by those skilled in the art), so that a point on theradiation source 10 facing the generally circular hat-shaped orring-shaped reflective element 23 is positioned at or near the centerpoint or focal zone of the corresponding segment of the concavereflective surface 20 of the generally circular hat-shaped orring-shaped reflective element 23 and the infrared radiation emittedfrom such point on the radiation source is directed or reflected awayfrom the concave reflective surface 20 substantially in the manner asshown in FIG. 8C. The radial cross-section of the tubular casing 16 asshown in FIG. 4B may take generally circular, triangular, rectangular,polygonal or elliptical shapes, or hybrids and/or combinations whereofin light of the shape of the generally circular hat-shaped orring-shaped reflective element with a view to maximizing the effect ofthe irradiation for the selected purposes. The concave reflectivesurface 20 of the generally circular hat-shaped or ring-shapedreflective element 23 may be conic (being spherical, paraboloidal,ellipsoidal, hyperboloidal) or other surfaces that can be generated fromrevolution, or in other manner, of quadratic or other equations. Theradiation emitted from the generally circular hat-shaped or ring-shapedreflective element 23 is concentrated mainly within the irradiated zone21 as shown in FIG. 8A and FIG. 8B for the purposes of heating orirradiating bodies, objects, substances or matters (including, butwithout limitation, food and other materials) placed or found within theirradiated zone 21, with a view to saving or maximizing the efficientuse of energy emitted from the radiation source and whilst reducing orminimizing the effect of radiation on other bodies, objects, substancesor matter (including, but without limitation, food and other materials)not within the irradiated zone 21 as shown in FIG. 8A and FIG. 8B. Seealso FIG. 8D.

(J) One embodiment of such a device is shown in FIG. 9A, which includesa device coupled with an externally threaded light bulb assembly 60 witha longitudinal axis through the center point or focal zone 15 of thespherical segment 12. The radiation source 10 is constructed withelectrical coil resistance or other heating elements 11 embedded in andsurrounded by electricity insulation and thermal conductive materials 25(including, but without limitation, electro fused magnesium oxide) onthe one side facing the convex surface of spherical segment 12 andthermal insulation materials 26 on the other side. It is an object ofthe invention that this embodiment (with desirable and appropriatesafety features known by those skilled in the art) will thread into anelectrical lamp socket designed for receiving such devise with itsaccompanying light bulb assembly 60. Such a device comprises a radiationsource 10 positioned on the convex surface of the spherical segment 12and an externally threaded screw base conforming to that of a standardlight bulb, which screw base is accepted by an electrical lamp socket ina manner as if it were an electrical light bulb. Radiation source 10 maycomprise of any device or apparatus capable of increasing the surfacetemperature of the spherical segment 12 to the suitable levels andinfrared radiation is focused or concentrated at or towards the centerpoint or focal zone 15 of the spherical segment 12 over a smaller areaor zone as shown in FIG. 9B.

(K) One embodiment of such a device is shown in FIG. 10A, which includesa device coupled with an externally threaded light bulb assembly 60 witha longitudinal axis through the center point or focal zone 15 of thespherical segment 12. The radiation source 10 is constructed withelectrical coil resistance or other heating elements 11 embedded in andsurrounded by electricity insulation and thermal conductive materials 25(including, but without limitation, electro fused magnesium oxide) onthe one side facing the concave surface of spherical segment 12 andthermal insulation materials 26 on the other side. It is an object ofthe invention that this embodiment (with desirable and appropriatesafety features known by those skilled in the art) will thread into anelectrical lamp socket designed for receiving such devise with itsaccompanying light bulb assembly 60. Such a device comprises a radiationsource 10 positioned on the concave surface of the spherical segment 12and an externally threaded screw base conforming to that of a standardlight bulb, which screw base is accepted by an electrical lamp socket ina manner as if it were an electrical light bulb. Radiation source 10 maycomprise of any device or apparatus capable of increasing the surfacetemperature of the spherical segment 12 to the suitable levels andinfrared radiation is distributed or dispersed away from the centerpoint or focal zone 15 of the spherical segment 12 over a larger area orzone as shown in FIG. 10B.

Those of skill in the art are fully aware that, numerous hybrids,permutations, modifications, variations and/or equivalents (for example,but without limitation, certain aspects of spherical bodies, shapesand/or forms are applicable to or can be implemented on paraboloidal,ellipsoidal and/or hyperboloidal bodies, shapes and/or forms) of thepresent invention and in the particular embodiments exemplified, arepossible and can be made in light of the above invention and disclosurewithout departing from the spirit thereof or the scope of the claims inthis disclosure. It is important that the claims in this disclosure beregarded as inclusive of such hybrids, permutations, modifications,variations and/or equivalents. Those of skill in the art will appreciatethat the idea and concept on which this disclosure is founded may beutilized and exploited as a basis or premise for devising and designingother structures, configurations, constructions, applications, systemsand methods for implementing or carrying out the gist, essence, objectsand/or purposes of the present invention.

In regards to the above embodiments, diagrams and descriptions, those ofskill in the art will further appreciate that the optimum dimensional orother relationships for the parts of the present invention anddisclosure, which include, but without limitation, variations in sizes,materials, substances, matters, shapes, scopes, forms, functions andmanners of operations and inter-actions, assemblies and users, aredeemed readily apparent and obvious to one skilled in the art, and allequivalent relationships and/or projections to or of those illustratedin the drawing figures and described in the specifications are intendedto be encompassed by, included in, and form part and parcel of thepresent invention and disclosure. Accordingly, the foregoing isconsidered as illustrative and demonstrative only of the ideas orprinciples of the invention and disclosure. Further, since numeroushybrids, permutations, modifications, variations and/or equivalents willreadily occur to those skilled in the art, it is not desired to limitthe invention and disclosure to the exact functionality, assembly,construction, configuration and operation shown and described, andaccordingly, all suitable hybrids, permutations, modifications,variations and/or equivalents may be resorted to, falling within thescope of the present invention and disclosure.

It is to be understood that the present invention has been described indetail as it applies to infrared radiation in the foregoing forillustrative purposes, without limitation of application of the presentinvention to radio-waves, microwaves, ultra-violet waves, x-rays, gammarays and all other forms of radiation within or outside theelectromagnetic spectrum except as it may be limited by the claims.

1. A radiator comprising: a thermal conductive layer comprising at leasta partially paraboloidal, ellipsoidal or hyperboloidal shape, defining afocal zone; a radiation layer comprising at least a partiallyparaboloidal, ellipsoidal or hyperboloidal shape, defining a focal zoneand powered by an energy source; a thermal insulation layer comprisingat least a partially paraboloidal, ellipsoidal or hyperboloidal shape,defining a focal zone; the thermal insulation layer facing the thermalconductive layer; the focal zone of the thermal conductive layergenerally coincides with the focal zone of the radiation layer; and thefocal zone of the thermal insulation layer generally coincides with thefocal zone of the radiation layer and the focal zone of the thermalconductive layer.
 2. The radiator of claim 1, wherein thermal insulationlayer comprises a concave side facing a convex side of the thermalconductive layer, so that a radiation element of the radiation layerincreases temperature of the thermal conductive layer and concentratesenergy to the focal zone of the radiation layer.
 3. The radiator ofclaim 1, further comprising a plurality of optical fibers having a firstend positioned at the focal zone of the radiation layer for receivingthe energy, so that the optical fibers transmit the energy received atthe first end to a second end of the optical fibers.
 4. The radiator ofclaim 1, wherein the thermal insulation layer comprises a convex sidefacing a concave side of the thermal conductive layer, so that theradiation element of the radiation layer increases temperature of thethermal conductive layer and disperses energy away from the focal zoneof the radiation layer.
 5. The radiator of claim 1, further comprising alight bulb base coupled to the thermal insulation layer, wherein thebase comprises positive and negative contactors electrically connectedto the radiation layer, and wherein the base is adapted to be receivedin an electrical lamp socket.
 6. The radiator of claim 1, wherein thethermal conductive layer comprises a metal oxide material.
 7. Theradiator of claim 1, wherein the radiation layer is positioned betweenthe thermal insulation layer and the thermal conductive layer.
 8. Aradiator used with an astronomic apparatus comprising: a partiallyparaboloidal, ellipsoidal or hyperboloidal structure member defining afocal zone; and a radiation layer power by an energy source, theradiation layer connected to the partially paraboloidal, ellipsoidal orhyperboloidal structure member, wherein the radiation layer concentratesenergy to the focal zone to achieve a temperature differential of thefocal zone and an environment of the focal zone and the relatedradiation pressure provides thrust, torque, propulsion or other forcesto the astronomic apparatus and/or an object.
 9. The radiator used withan astronomic apparatus of claim 8, wherein: the partially paraboloidal,ellipsoidal or hyperboloidal structure comprises thermal conductivelayer and a thermal insulation layer; the thermal insulation layercomprises a concave side facing a convex side of the thermal conductivelayer; and the radiation layer comprises at least one radiation elementat least partially embedded in at least a portion of the thermalconductive layer.
 10. The radiator used with an astronomic apparatus ofclaim 8, wherein the radiation layer comprises a plurality of infraredradiation emitting devices positioned on the concave side of thepartially paraboloidal, ellipsoidal or hyperboloidal structure member.11. A radiator comprising: a partially paraboloidal, ellipsoidal orhyperboloidal-shaped thermal conductive layer; a radiation element beingin contact with the thermal conductive layer; a partially paraboloidal,ellipsoidal or hyperboloidal-shaped thermal insulation layer facing thethermal conductive layer; the thermal conductive layer defines a firstfocal zone; the thermal insulation layer defines a second focal zone;the first focal zone generally coincides with the second focal zone; andthe thermal insulation layer comprises a concave side facing a convexside of the thermal conductive layer, so that the radiation elementincreases temperature of the thermal conductive layer and concentratesenergy to the focal zone of the radiation layer.
 12. The radiator ofclaim 11, further comprising a plurality of optical fibers having afirst end positioned at the focal zone of the radiation layer forreceiving the energy, so that the optical fibers transmit the energyreceived at the first end to a second end of the optical fibers.
 13. Theradiator of claim 12, wherein the optical fibers comprise a thermalconductive material.
 14. The radiator of claim 12, wherein the opticalfibers comprise a radiation material.
 15. The radiator of claim 11,wherein the thermal insulation layer comprises a convex side facing aconcave side of the thermal conductive layer, so that the radiationelement increases temperature of the thermal conductive layer anddisperses energy away from the focal zone of the radiation layer. 16.The radiator of claim 11, further comprising a light bulb base coupledto the thermal insulation layer, wherein the base comprises positive andnegative contactors electrically connected to the radiation element, andwherein the base is adapted to be received in an electrical lamp socket.17. The radiator claim 11, wherein the thermal conductive layercomprises a metal oxide material.
 18. The radiator of claim 11, whereinthe radiation element is positioned between the thermal insulation layerand the thermal conductive layer.
 19. The radiator of claim 11, whereinthe radiation element is at least partially embedded in the thermalconductive layer.
 20. The radiator of claim 11, wherein the radiationelement is completely embedded in the thermal conductive layer.